Peradaban dunia

Pada awal masa penciptaan permulaan bumi (bhumitala), permukaan bumi menyerupai api yang bercahaya dan menyala. Berjuta juta tahun kemudian asap gelap di seluruh muka bumi secara berangsur-angsur dan terus menerus seluruhnya menghilang. Bumi menjadi dingin. Namun demikian, belum ada mahluk hidup. Kemudian, permukaan bumi ini menjadi gunung-gunung dan lautan.Beberapa juta tahun kemudian muncullah tumbuh-tumbuhan kecil, lalu muncul mahluk hidup berupa hewan; kemudian hewan yang hidup di lautan seperti ikan dan sejenisnya. Beberapa juta tahun kemudian, muncul berjenis-jenis tumbuhan dan hewan raksasayang beraneka ragam jenisnya; kemudian bermacam-macam mahluk hewan unggas serta hewan lainnya seperti babi hutan dan kuda.Berjuta juta tahun kemudian, muncullah mahluk hidup berwujud manusia tingkatan rendah dan belum sempurna. Mereka adalah manusia purba, manusia hewan, yangseterusnya setelah beribu-ribu tahun kemudian berwujud separuh hewan separuh jenis manusia sempurna.Kira-kira 1.000.000 tahun sampai 600.000 tahun yang silam di Nusantara, terutama di Pulau Jawa, hidup manusia yang masih rendah pekertinya dan bersifat seperti hewan. Ada juga yang menyebutnya manusia hewan (satwa-purusa) dari zaman purba, karena mereka berlaku seperti setengah hewan. Di antaranya ada yang menyerupai kera, besar dan tinggi sosok tubuhnya, tanpa busana. Ada pula yang seperti raksasa, tubuhnya berbulu dan kejam perangamya.Ada jenis lain lagi di daerah hutan dan pegunungan yang lain. Mereka mirip kera. Ada yang tinggal di atas pohon, di lereng gunung dan tepi sungai. Mereka berkelahi dan membunuh tanpa menggunakan senjata, hanya menggunakan tangan. Mereka tidak berpakaian dan tidak memiliki budi pekerti seperti manusia sekarang. Kesenangannya ialah berayun-ayun pada cabang pohon. Manusia hewan ini terdapat di hutan pulau Jawa, hutan Sumatera, hutan Makasar, dan hutan Kalimantan (Bakulapura).Di daerah lain di Pulau Jawa, antara 750.000 sampai 300.000 tahun yang silam, hidup manusia hewan yang berjalan tegak seperti manusia. Kulitnya berwarna gelap, tingkah lakunya baik dan lebih cerdas dibandingkan dengan manusia hewan yang berjalan seperti hewan. Tiap hari mereka membuat senjata dari bahan tulang dan batu.Mereka selalu diserang oleh sekelompok manusia hewan yang menyerupai kera. Pertempuran di antara kedua kelompok itu selalu seru. Akan tetapi, manusia hewan yangberjalan tegak seperti manusia itu lebih mahir dalam teknik berkelahi, sehingga akhirnya mahluk manusia hewan yang berjalan seperti hewan itu habis terbunuh tanpa sisa dan lenyap dari muka burni. Manusia hewan yang berjalan seperti manusia itu, disebut juga manusia raksasa (bhutapurusa). Mereka tinggal di dalam goa di lereng gunung.Manusia jenis ini akhirnya punah karena sejak 600.000 tahun yang silam mereka banyak dibunuh oleh manusia pendatang dari benua utara. Mereka berasal dari Yawana lalu menyebar ke Semenanjung Malaysia, Sumatera, dan Pulau Jawa. Kira-kira 250.000 tahun yang silam, manusia hewan yang berjalan tegak seperti manusia itu habis binasa. Zaman ini oleh para mahakawi dinamai masa purba yang pertama (prathama purwwayuga).Sementara itu, antara 500.000 sampai 300.000 tahun yang silam, di Sumatera, JawaKulwan (Barat) dan Jawa Tengah, hidup manusia yaksa (yaksapurusa) karena rupa mereka seperti yaksa atau danawa. Mereka bertubuh tegap dan tinggi serta senang meminum darah manusia sesamanya, musuh, ataupun binatang. Perangainya kejam dan bertabiat seperti binatang buas. Mahluk jenis ini pun akhirnya punah karena banyak terbunuh dalam pertempuran dengan kaum pendatang baru dari benua utara.Seterusnya, antara 300.000 sampai 50.000 tahun yang silam, di Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah pernah hidup manusia berwujud setengah yaksa (manusia yaksa mantare). Kelompok manusia ini belum diketahui asal-usulnya sebab hampir sama rupanya dengan manusia yaksa yang punah. Akan tetapi bertubuh lebih kecil, berwarna kuit agak gelap, tidak banyak berbulu, serta susila dan cerdas jika dibandingkan dengan manusia yaksa yang telah punah. Kelompok inipun akhirnya punah karena didesak, diburu, dan akhirnya dibinasakan oleh kaum pendatang dari benua utara. Periode ini oleh para mahakawi (pujangga besar) disebut masa purba yang kedua (dwitiya purwwayuga).Selanjutnya, pernah pula hidup manusia kerdil (wamanapurusa) atau danawa kecil. Mereka itu berwujud yaksa kecil sehingga oleh para mahakawi dinamakan manusia kerdil. Mereka hidup antara 50.000 sampai 25.000 tahun yang silam. Mereka tidak cerdas. Senjata dan perabotannya terbuat dari batu, tetapi buatannya tidak bagus, mahluk jenis inipun akhimya punah. Zaman inioleh para mahakawi disebuf masa purba pertengahan (madya ning purwwayuga) ataumasa purba ketiga (tritiya purwwayuga).Ke dalam zaman tersebut, termasuk pula masa hidup jenis manusia kerdil yang bertubuh besar (wamana purusagheng) ataumanusia Jawa-purba. Mereka menetap di Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur antara 40.000sampai 20.000 tahun yang silam. jumlahnya tidak banyak. Mereka ini pun akhirnya punahkarena bencana alam, saling bunuh di antara sesamanya, dan akhirnya seperti juga nasib penghuni Pulau Jawa yang lain, dihabisi oleh kaum pendatang dari benua utara.PERADABAN PURBA YANG TIDAK PUNAHSementara itu, manusia purba yang hidup antara 25.000 sampal 10.000 tahun yang silam tidak punah sebab mereka berbaur menjadi satu. Banyak wanita manusia purba itu berjodoh dengan Aria dari kaum pendatang baru. Kerukunan, kerjasama danperjodohan di antara kedua belah pihak, telah menyelamatkan kelompok manusia purba dari bahaya kepunahan.Adapun, kaum pendatang baru dari benua utara tersebut tergolong manusia cerdas. Mereka membuat perkakas dan senjata daribatu, kayu, tulang, bambu, serta bahan-bahan lain dengan hasil yang hampir bagus (meh wagus). Menurut para mahakawi masa kedatangan orang-orang dari benua utara tersebut, dinamakan sebagai masa purba keempat (caturtha purwwayuga).Dari 10.000 tahun sebelum tarikh Saka, sampal tahun pertama Saka, terjadi perpindahan secara bergelombang, kelompok pendatang dari benua utara, yaitu:1. antara 10.000 sampai 5.000 tahun sebelum tarikh Saka;2. antara 5.000 sampai 3.000 tahun sebelwn tarikh Saka;3. antara 3.000 sampai 1.500 tahun sebelum tarikh Saka;4, antara 1.500 sampai 1.000 tahun sebelum tarikh Saka;5. antara 1000 sampal 600 tahun sebelwn tarikh Saka;6. antara 600 sampai 300 tahun sebelum tarikh Saka;7. antara 300 sampai 200 tahun sebelum tarikh Saka;8. antara 200 sampal 100 tahun sebelwn tarikh Saka;9. antara 100 sampai awal tarikh Saka.

Fisika

Rumus-Rumus Fisika Lengkap/GerakGerak lurus beraturanSistem koordinat kutub dua dimensiGerak Lurus Beraturan (GLB) adalah suatu gerak lurus yang mempunyai kecepatan konstan. Maka nilai percepatannya adalah a = 0. Gerakan GLB berbentuk linear dan nilai kecepatannya adalah hasil bagi jarak dengan waktu yang ditempuh.Rumus:Dengan ketentuan:*.= Jarak yang ditempuh (km, m)*.= Kecepatan (km/jam, m/s)*.= Waktu tempuh (jam, sekon)Catatan:1.Untuk mencari jarak yang ditempuh, rumusnya adalah.2.Untuk mencari waktu tempuh, rumusnya adalah.3.Untuk mencari kecepatan, rumusnya adalah.Kecepatan rata-rataRumus:Gerak lurus berubah beraturanGerak lurus berubah beraturanadalah gerak yang lintasannya berupa garis lurus dengan kecepatannya yang berubah beraturan.Percepatannya bernilai konstan/tetap.Rumus GLBB ada 3, yaitu:*.*.*.Dengan ketentuan:*.= Kecepatan awal (m/s)*.= Kecepatan akhir (m/s)*.= Percepatan (m/s2)*.= Jarak yang ditempuh (m)Gerak vertikal ke atasBenda dilemparkan secara vertikal, tegak lurus terhadap bidang horizontal ke atas dengan kecepatan awal tertentu. Arah gerak benda danarah percepatan gravitasi berlawanan, gerak lurus berubah beraturan diperlambat.Peluru akan mencapai titik tertinggi apabila Vtsama dengannol.Keterangan:*.Kecepatan awal= Vo*.Kecepatan benda di suatu ketinggian tertentu= Vt*.Percepatan /Gravitasi bumi: g*.Tinggi maksimum: h*.Waktu benda mencapai titik tertinggi: tmaks*.Waktu ketika benda kembali ke tanah: tGerak jatuh bebasBenda dikatakan jatuh bebas apabila benda:*.Memiliki ketinggian tertentu (h) dari atas tanah.*.Benda tersebut dijatuhkan tegak lurus bidang horizontal tanpa kecepatan awal.Selama bergerak ke bawah, benda dipengaruhi oleh percepatan gravitasi bumi (g) dan arah kecepatan/gerak benda searah, merupakan gerak lurus berubah beraturandipercepat.Keterangan:*.v = kecepatan di permukaan tanah*.g = gravitasi bumi*.h = tinggi dari permukaan tanah*.t = lama benda sampai di tanahGerak vertikal ke bawahBenda dilemparkan tegak lurus bidang horizontal arahnya ke bawah.Arah percepatan gravitasi dan arah gerak benda searah, merupakan gerak lurus berubah beraturan dipercepat.Keterangan:*.Vo = kecepatan awal*.Vt = kecepatan pada ketinggiantertentu dari tanah*.g = gravitasi bumi*.h = jarak yang telah ditempuh secara vertikal*.t = waktuGerak melingkarGerak dengan lintasan berupa lingkaran.Dari diagram di atas, diketahui benda bergerak sejauh ω° selamasekon, maka benda dikatakan melakukan perpindahan sudut.Benda melalukan 1 putaran penuh. Besar perpindahan linear adalahatau keliling lingkaran. Besar perpindahan sudut dalam 1 putaran penuh adalahradian atau 360°.Perpindahan sudut, kecepatan sudut, dan percepatan sudutPerpindahan sudut adalah posisisudut benda yang bergerak secara melingkar dalam selang waktu tertentu.Keterangan:*.= perpindahan sudut (rad)*.= kecepatan sudut (rad/s)*.t = waktu (sekon)Kecepatan sudut rata-rata (): perpindahan sudut per selang waktu.Percepatan sudut rata-rata ():perubahan kecepatan sudut per selang waktu. : Percepatan sudut (rad/s2)Percepatan sentripetalArah percepatan sentripetal selalu menuju ke pusat lingkaran.Percepatan sentripetal tidak menambah kecepatan, melainkan hanya untuk mempertahankan benda agar tetap bergerak melingkar.Keterangan:*.r : jari-jari benda/lingkaran*.As: percepatan sentripetal (rad/s2)Gerak parabolaGerak parabola adalah gerak yang membentuk sudut tertentuterhadap bidang horizontal. Pada gerak parabola, gesekan diabaikan, dan gaya yang bekerja hanya gaya berat/percepatan gravitasi.Pada titik awal,Pada titik A (t = ta):Letak/posisi di A:Titik tertinggi yang bisa dicapai (B):Waktu untuk sampai di titik tertinggi (B) (tb):Jarak mendatar/horizontal darititik awal sampai titik B (Xb):Jarak vertikal dari titik awal ke titik B (Yb):Waktu untuk sampai di titik C:Jarak dari awal bola bergerak sampai titik C:Wikipediamemiliki artikel ensiklopedia mengenai:Gerak

Tokoh ilmuan dan nidang fisika

Keterangan: (Klik nama Penemu untuk melihat biografi dan sejarah penemuannya)1.Albert Einstein- Jerman - teori relativitas.2.Alessandro Volta-  Italia - Penemu Batu baterai3.Archimedes- Yunani - Penemu hidrostatika, statika dan penjelasan dari prinsip tuas.4.Aristoteles5.Arthur Compton - Amerika serikat - Penemu efek compton6.Arthur Stanley Eddington- Inggris- Penemu astrofisika teori, penemu hukum massa kecemerlangan bintang 7.Blaise Pascal- Prancis - Penemu Mesin hitung8.Brian David Josephson - Britania Raya - Penemu Efek Josephson9.Carl Friedrich Gauss - Jerman - Penemu teori bilangan10.Charles-Augustin de Coulomb - Perancis - Penemu hukum coulomb11.Christian Doppler - Austria - Penemu efek Doppler12.Daniel Bernoulli - Belanda - Penemu Hukum Bernoulli13.Democritus - Yunani - Bapak Teori Atom14.Douglas Hartree - UK - Pengembang Analisis Numerik15.Edwin Hubble - Amerika - Penggagas hukum Hubble16.Enrico Fermi- Italia - Bapak bom atom17.Ernst Mach Austria peneliti Bilangan Mach, Prinsip Mach, Gelombang kejut, Gelombang Mach, Efek refleksi Mach18.Ernest Rutherford - Inggris - Penemu Proton19.Erwin Schrödinger - Austria - Mengembangkan Teori kuantum20.Evangelista Torricelli- Itali - Penemu Barometer air raksa21.Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit - Jerman - Penemu Skala suhu Fahrenheit22.Galileo Galilei- Italia - Penemu Termometer tahun 159323.Georg Ohm - Jerman - Penemuhukum Ohm24.Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - Jerman - Penggagas Kalkulus dan Biner25.Gustav Robert Kirchhoff - Jerman - Penggagas teori rangkaian listrik, spektroskopi, dan emisi radiasi benda hitam26.Giovanni Battista Venturi - Italia -Penemu efek Venturi27.Hans Christian Ørsted - Denmark - Peneliti hubungan antara listrik dan magnetisme28.Heinrich Hertz - Jerman- Penemu teori Radiasi Elektromagnetik dan Efek fotolistrik29.Henri becquerel - Perancis - Penemu Radio Aktifitas30.Hermann von Helmholtz - Jerman - penggagas Konservasi energi31.Hendrik Lorentz - Belanda - Penemu efek Zeeman32.Hiroshi Amano- Jepang - Penemu LED (Light-Emitting Diodes) warna biru yang efisien33.Hugo Tetrode - Belanda - fisikawan teoritis yang berkontribusi dalam fisika statistik, teori kuantum awal danmekanika kuantum34.Irving Langmuir- Amerika - Penemu Kawat pijar dan tabung vacum tinggi35.Isaac Newton- Inggris - Penemuhukum grafitasi36.Isamu Akasaki- Jepang - Penemu Galium nitrida (GaN) terang dan Light Emitting Diode (LED) biru.37.James Clerk Maxwell- PenemuSpektrum Elektromagnetik38.James Chadwick - Inggris - Penemu Neutron39.James Watt- Inggris - Penemu Mesin uap40.Jean-Baptiste Biot - Perancis - Peneliti Cahaya Terpolarisasi41.Johannes Diderik van der Waals- Ilmuwan Persamaan Gas dan Cairan42.Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen- Je4man - Penggagas Model Kulit Nuklir 43.Johannes Kepler - Penemu hukum perputaran planet44.Johannes Robert Rydberg45.Johann Jakob Balmer46.Johann Josef Loschmidt 47.John Dalton - Inggris - Pencetusteori atom moderen48.John Douglas Cockcroft- Inggris - Berhasil Memecahkan Inti Atom 49.John Henry Poynting - Penemu Efek Poynting di torsi50.John J. Montgomery- Perintis penerbangan51.Joseph Fourier- Perancis - Penemu Deret Fourier 52.Joseph Henry -Amerika - Penemu Penyebab Awal Terjadinya Bel Listrik dan Listrik estafet (Relay)53.Joseph John Thomson54.Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac -Perancis- penggagas Hukum Gay-Lussac dan Penemu boron55.Joseph-Louis Lagrange - Italia - Analitis Mekanika56.Joseph Plateau - Belgia - Penemu ilusi gambar bergerak57.Joseph Stefan58.Klaus von Klitzing59.Lord Rayleigh - Inggris - penemu argon, hamburan Rayleigh, gelombang hamburan Rayleigh60.Louis-Victor de Broglie - Perancis - Penemu-Sifat-Gelombang-Elektron61.Leonhard Euler - Swiss - Penemu rumus matematika62.Ludwig Boltzmann - Austria - penggagas teori atomik63.Marie Curie - Polandia - Perintis Radiologi64.Max Planck - Jerman - Pencetus teori kuantum65.Michael Faraday- Inggris - Penemu Dinamo66.Niels Bohr- denmark - Penemu Teori Struktur Atom67.Nikola Tesla - Amerika - ahli listrik, kontributor keelektromagnetan68.Oliver Heaviside - Inggris - Matematikawan otodidak yang jenius69.Osborne Reynolds - Inggris - Penemu Bilangan Tak Berdimensi70.Otto Sackur71.Owen Willans Richardson72.Pierre Curie - Perancis - Pelopor Kristalografi, Magnetisme, Piezoelektrik dan Radioaktivitas73.Robert Boyle - Irlandia - Penemu pompa udara modern, korek api74.Thomas Alva Edison - Amerika serikat - Penemu bola lampu modern 75.Thomas Alva Edison- Amerika Serikat -Penemu Bola lampu, Proyektor film76.Robert Hooke - Inggris - Penemu sel pertama kali77.Robert Andrews Millikan-  Amerika - Penemu harga muatan listrik78.Stephen Hawking - Inggris - Fisikawan teoritis79.Victor Franz Hess- Austria/AS -Penemu SInar Kosmik 80.Werner Karl Heisenberg- Jerman - Teori prinsip ketidakpastian 81.Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen - Jerman - penemu sinar-x82.William Sturgeon - Inggris - Penemu elektromagnet 83.Wilhelm Wien84.Wolfgang Ernst Pauli - Austria-swiss -  - Penemu Hukum Alam baru, Prinsip Pengecualian (Prinsip Pauli)Joseph Louis Gay-LussacJoseph-Louis LagrangeJoseph PlateauLord RayleighLouis-Victor de BroglieLeonhard EulerLudwig BoltzmannMarie CurieMax PlanckMichael FaradayNiels BohrNikola TeslaOliver HeavisideOsborne ReynoldsPierre CurieRobert BoyleRobert HookeRobert J. Van de GraffRobert Andrews MillikanSir Isaac NewtonStephen HawkingThomas Alfa EdisonThomas Townsend BrownWerner HeisenbergWilhelm Conrad RöntgenWolfgang Ernst Pauli

Pesawat terbang

Pesawat terbang yang ada sekarang ini tidaklah diciptakan dengan langsung namun melalui sejarah penemuan yang panjang dan bentuk yang beragam yang pada akhirnya didapatlah bentuk yang ada sekarang ini.Pesawat terbang adalah pesawat udara yang lebih berat dari udara, bersayap tetap, dan dapat terbang dengan tenaga sendiri. Secara umum istilah pesawat terbang sering juga disebut dengan pesawatudara atau kapal terbang atau cukup pesawat dengan tujuan pendefenisian yang sama sebagai kendaraan yang mampu terbang di atmosfer atau udara. Namun dalam dunia penerbangan, istilah pesawat terbang berbeda dengan pesawat udara, istilah pesawat udara jauh lebih luas pengertiannya karena telah mencakup pesawat terbang dan helikopter.SejarahPesawat terbang yang lebih berat dari udara diterbangkan pertama kali oleh Wright Bersaudara (Orville Wright dan Wilbur Wright) dengan menggunakan pesawat rancangan sendiri yang dinamakan Flyer yang diluncurkan pada tahun 1903 di Amerika Serikat.Selain Wright bersaudara, tercatat beberapa penemu pesawat lain yang menemukan pesawat terbang antara lain Samuel F Cody yang melakukan aksinya di lapangan Fanborough, Inggris tahun 1910.Sedangkan untuk pesawat yang lebih ringan dari udara sudah terbang jauh sebelumnya. Penerbangan pertama kalinya dengan menggunakan balon udara panas yang ditemukan seorang berkebangsaaan Perancis bernamaJoseph Montgolfier dan Etiene Montgolfierterjadi pada tahun 1782,kemudian disempurnakan seorang Jerman yang bernama Ferdinand von Zeppelin dengan memodifikasi balon berbentuk cerutu yang digunakan untuk membawa penumpang dan barang pada tahun1900.Pada tahun tahun berikutnya balon Zeppelin mengusai pengangkutan udara sampai musibah kapal Zeppelin pada perjalanan trans-Atlantik di New Jersey 1936 yang menandai berakhirnya era Zeppelinmeskipun masih dipakai menjelang Perang Dunia II.Setelah zaman Wright, pesawat terbang banyak mengalami modifikasi baik dari rancang bangun,bentuk dan mesin pesawat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan transportasi udara.Pesawat komersial yang lebih besar dibuat pada tahun 1949 bernama Bristol Brabazon. Sampai sekarang pesawat penumpang terbesar di dunia di buat oleh airbusindustrie dari eropa dengan pesawat A380.TokohAnthony Fokker (1890-1939) yang biasa dipanggil Tony lahir di Blitar,Jawa Timur,pada April 1890.Saat usia 20 tahun(1910),Tony membuat pesawat pertamanya yang diberi nama Spin.Itu merupakanpesawat pertama buatan Belanda.Pada tahun 1912,Tony mendirikan perusahaan pesawat Fokker Aeroplanbau di Kota Berlin,yang kemudian pindah ke KotaSchwerin,Jerman. (Wikipedia)

BOBOIBOY 2 episode 12

Contoh Soal UN Bahasa Inggris SMA

Contoh Soal UN Bahasa Inggris SMA

1. Which of the following elements is not taken up from the soil?
   A. Potassium
   B. Magnesium
   C. Carbon
   D. Calcium
   E. Sulfur
2. Why do farmers prefer considering the only available nutrients to the total quantities of nutrient found in the soil? Because ...
   A. they do to know how to obtain all the nutrients
   B. chemical analyses indicate that the soil constrains all the nutrients needed
   C. the nutrient are in the soil
   D.most of the nutrients are bound in compounds
   E. some of the nutrients are found in the atmosphere
3. The topic of paragraph three is about ...
   A. the result of chemical analyses
   B. the requirements of crop plants
   C. giving satisfactory growth to the plants
   D. measuring the available nutrients supply
   E. the abundant of nutrients in the soil
4. How many elements which are not very important can be found in the plants?
   A. Three
   B. Five
   C. Seven
   D. Nine
   E. Sixteen
5. "The plant obtains carbon and hydrogen dioxide ..." (paragraph 2). Obtains means...
   A. gets
   B. takes
   C. puts
   D. gives
   E. has
   Read the following text and answer number 6-8!
   Once upon a time, a rabbit wanted to cross a river but he could not swim. He had an idea. He saw a boss of crocodile swimming in the river. The rabbit asked the boss of crocodile, "How many crocodiles are there in the river?" The boss of crocodile answered, "We are twenty here." "Where are they?" the rabbit asked for the second time. "What is it for?" the boss of crocodile asked.
   "All of you are good, nice, gentle and kind, so I want to make a line in order. Later I will know how kind you are," said the rabbit. Then, the boss of the crocodile called all his friends and asked them to make a line in order from one side to the other side of the river. Just then, the rabbit started to count while jumping from one crocodile to another: one ... two ... three ... four ... until twenty, and finally, he thanked all crocodiles because he had crossed the river.
6. The story mainly tells us about ...
   A. twenty crocodiles
   B. the boss of the crocodile
   C. a rabbit and twenty crocodiles
   D. a rabbit and the boss of crocodile
   E. the boss of the crocodile and ail his friends
7. We know from the first paragraph that the rabbit actually wanted ...
   A. to cross the river
   B. to swim across the river
   C. to meet the boss of crocodile
   D. to know where the crocodiles are
   E. to know the number of crocodiles there
8. All of you are good, nice, gentle, and kind ..." (Paragraph 2)
   The underlined word is synonymous with ...
   A. wild
   B. diligent
   C. cheerful
   D. easygoing
   E. honorable
   This text is for questions 9 to 12.
   An elephant is the largest and strongest of all animals. It is a strange looking animal with its thick legs, huge sides and backs, large hanging ears, a small tail, little eyes, long white tusks and above all it has a long nose, the trunk.
   The trunk is the elephant's peculiar feature, and it has various uses. The elephant draws up water by its trunk and can squirt it all over its body like a shower bath. It can also lift leaves and puts them, into its mouth. In fact the trunk serves the elephant as a long arm and hand. An elephant looks very-clumsy and heavy and yet it can move very quickly.
   The elephant is a very intelligent animal. Its intelligence combined with its great strength makes it a very useful servant to man and it can be trained to serve in various ways such as carry heavy loads, hunt for tigers and even fight.
9. The third paragraph is mainly about the fact that ...
   A. elephants are strong
   B. elephants can lift logs
   C. elephants are servants
   D. elephants are very useful
   E. elephants must be trained
10. Which of the following is NOT part of the elephant described in the first paragraph?
    A. It looks strange.
    B. It is heavy.
    C. It is wild.
    D. It has a trunk.
    E. It has a small tail.
11. It is stated in the text that the elephant uses the trunk to do the following, EXCEPT ...
    A. to eat
    B. to push
    C. to drink
    D. to carry things
    E. to squirt water over the body
12. "The trunk is the elephant's peculiar feature ..." (Paragraph 2)
    The underlined word is close in meaning to ...
    A. large
    B. strange
    C. tough
    D. smooth
    E. long
    Text for question 13 to15.
    Dear, Rosa
    I am a guy, twenty-eight years old. I have a problem with a girl friend. She is twenty five years old. We have been dating each other for years, since we were high school students. Now we have jobs. I feel very sure that we love each other. Now it is time for me to get married. Unfortunately, her parents never approve of our relationship ever since the very first time. My family, anyhow, does not really mind. At first I thought my girl friend had the power to defend our love. But then she surrendered. She loves, me and she loves her family, too. On the one hand she said, "I'll be happy if my family is happy." It means she had to get approval from her parents.
    For this I was shocked. My heart was broken. She ended our relationship just at the time when I was ready to marry her. When I was with her, we were very happy. We had a lot in common and there were no conflicts. The truth was, we separated only because of her parents. They want her to marry her cousin, her aunt's son (this is one of the traditions in the Karonese).
    For the time being I am very upset. When I miss her I call her. Then we can eat together, talk together for hours. We act like elating because she loves me, too. The real problem is, she cannot refuse what her parents want. So, should I forget my girl friend, the only one that I truly love? Or else, should I just wait, and dream that one day she will be back to me?
    Rio N., Padang
    Dear Rio,
    You call her your girl friend, but she has chosen her own way. For this reason I’d, say that there is nothingyou can do except forget her and go on with your normal life. Hopefully you can find another and livehappily forever.
    Rossa
13. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ...
    A. the writer wants to get married
    B. the writer has been dating for years
    C. the writer has a problem with his girl friend
    D. the writer feels sure that they love each other
    E. the writer's parents disapprove of his relationship
14. Which of the following sentences is TRUE according to the text?
    A. Rio is not ready to get married.
    B. Rio's parents disagree to his marriage.
    C. Rio and his girl friend often got conflicts.
    D. Rio's girl friend didn't really love Rio.
    E. Rio's girl friend couldn't defend her love for Rio.
15. Why do the girl's parents disapprove of their marriage? Because ...
    A. they don't like Rio.
    B. the girl is still studying.
    C. Rio is from a different ethnic group.
    D. they keep the Karonese tradition.
    E. the girl has chosen another guy.
    Text for question number 16-18.
    Two students were discussing the school's new rule that all the students must wear a cap and a tie One of them showed her annoyance. She said that wearing a cap and a tie was only suitable for a flag rising ceremony. So, she was against the rule. Contrary to the girl's opinion, the other student was glad with it. He said that he didn't mind with the new rule because wearing a cap and a tie will make the students look great and like real educated persons. The first student gave the reasons that they would feel uncomfortable and hot. Moreover, the classrooms were not air conditioned. The second said it wasn't a big problem. He was sure that the students would wear them proudly. They would surely be used to it any way.
16. The two students are discussing ...
    A. the facilities in school
    B. their homework
    C. their uniform
    D. their friends
    E. their family
17. The boy said that he agreed with the new rule in his school.
    Which statement shows his agreement?
    A. He was not annoyed.
    B. He would not obey the rule.
    C. He didn't care of the rule.
    D. He didn't like wearing a cap and tie.
    E. He didn't mind wearing a cap and tie.
18. The boy believed that all students would ...
    A. have a high spirit to study
    B. solve their own problems
    C. care for their environment
    D. follow the new rule
    E. feel uncomfortable
19. Mira : Hi, Dad, I will be late home because the committee will hold a meeting after class.
    Father : It's okay but you must go straight home after the meeting.
    Mira : Don't worry, Dad.
    Mother : What did Mira say?
    Father : She said that she would be late home today.
    What is the most possible place where Mira is talking to her father?
    A. a hall.
    B. her home.
    C. The office.
    D. Her school.
    E. A meeting room.
20. Eka : Are you free today?
    Lidya : Yes, what's up?
    Eka : Would you like to come with me to see the "Peterpan" show tonight?
    Lidya : Thanks, I'd be delighted to. It's my favourite band.
    What are the speakers going to do?
    A. To stay at home.
    B. To see Peterpan show.
    C. To arrange their free time.
    D. To watch Peterpan at home.
    E. To come to their friend's house.
    This text is for items number 21-25.
    Many people now have a card which enables them to withdraw money from a cash dispenser. You feed your card into the machine and key in your PIN
    (Personnel Identification Number) and the amount of money you want If you have enough in your account, the money requested will be issued to you up to a dairy limit. Your account is automatically debited for the amount your have drawn out.
    Provided you have a sound credit, you can get a credit card from a bank and other financial institutions. To obtain goods or services, you present your card and sign a special voucher. When it receives the voucher, the credit card company pays the trader (less a commission) and then sends you a monthly statement. Depending on the type of card you have, you will either have to pay in full or be able to pay part of what is owed and pay interest on the balance left outstanding.
    If you need to make fixed payments at regular intervals, e.g. for insurance premiums, you can arrange a standing order (sometimes known as a banker's order) so that the bank will do this for you.
21. If you withdraw your money from the cash dispenser the amount of your money will ... as you have drawn out.
    A. become more
    B. be credited
    C. become lost
    D. become less
    E. be doubled
22. The main purpose of the writer is to ...
    A. give the reader information about bank service
    B. persuade die readers to have a credit card
    C. check the customers' account
    D. explain to the reader how to use PIN
    E. explain to the customers how to pay their employee's salaries
23. Which of the following is the main idea of the second paragraph?
    A. The credit card company pays the traders.
    B. The credit card company sends you a monthly statement.
    C. Banks and other financial institutions offer us credit cards to get goods and services.
    D. Other financial institutions help the banks to provide credit cards.
    E. A voucher is the only way to buy goods.
24. "Many people BOW have a card which enables them ______.." (Paragraph. 1).
    "enables" means ...
    A. forces
    B. supports
    C. asks
    D. allows
    E. encourages
25. If you have enough money in your account ...
    A. you can withdraw your money from a cash dispenser.
    B. you have a special voucher.
    C. the bank sends you a monthly statement.
    D. you have paid special interest.
    E. the type of card is acceptable.
26. Tutut : Were you sleeping when I called you last night?
    Indra : I went to the cinema.
    From the dialogue we know that Tutut wanted to know if India ... when she called him.
    A. sleeps
    B. slept
    C. was sleeping
    D. has been sleeping
    E. had been sleeping
27. Mawar : This telegram is for my husband. He's out on duty. What do you recommend me to do?
    Putri : Why don't you ring him and tell him that a telegram's arrived?
    In the dialogue above, Mawar is asking for Putri's ...
    A. advice
    B. curiosity
    C. agreement
    D. permission
    E. information
28. Mrs. Anwar : I heard that your son had won a scholarship to Pajajaran University.
    Mrs. Budiman : Yes, that's right .... He never ignores our advice and always studies hard.
    A. I'm proud of him
    B. I prided myself on his success
    C. His pride would not let him down
    D. I'm too proud to have been successful
    E. He is a profile of a successful student
    This text is for questions 29 to 32.
    University of Cambridge
    Do you plan to study abroad? Don't hesitate. Welcome to Cambridge University. Cambridge University, an institution of higher education, is the second oldest university in Great Britain after the University of Oxford. It is located in the city of Cambridge.
    The University of Cambridge is a system of faculties, departments, and 31 independent colleges. You know, although the colleges and the university are separate corporations, all are parts of an integrated educational entity. The university examines candidates for degrees during their residencies and at the conclusion of their studies. The colleges provide their students with lodgings and meals, assign tutors, and offer social, cultural, and athletic activities. Every student at the University of Cambridge is a member of a college.
    Let's see its academic year. The academic year is divided into three terms of approximately eight weeks each: Michaelmas (autumn), Lent (late winter), and Easter (spring). Students required to study under supervisor are usually members of the college's faculties who maintain close relationships with small groups of students in their charge and assist them in preparing for university exams.
29. The author's purpose of writing the text is ...
    A. to review a particular education system
    B. to commemorate a particular college
    C. to define a particular academic year
    D. to explain a particular way to study
    E. to describe a particular institution
30. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
    A. The academic year is held in four seasons in a year.
    B. Students in colleges are not members of the university
    C. Students must not be in their residence during the terms.
    D. The students of Cambridge University have holidays in summer.
    E. University of Oxford is younger than University of Cambridge.
31. The second paragraph tells the readers about ...
    A. an integrated educational entity.
    B. social activities in the university.
    C. the system in Cambridge University.
    D. the examination for candidates' degrees.
    E. the criteria for the membership of the university.
32. "The colleges provide their students with lodgings and meals, assign tutors and offer ..." (Paragraph 2).
    The underlined word means ...
    A. dormitories used for studying in groups
    B. places offered for doing some business
    C. spaces needed for discussion
    D. houses needed for taking a rest
    E. rooms rented to stay in
    Text for questions number 33-34.
    We are announcing today that we are bringing the Milestone and Ever Green brands even closer together. Effective as of December 5, 2005, our official name will be:
    GREEN MILES WEST
    The substitution of "West" in our name-replacing "California"- is the result of an agreement we reached with California Gardening Association, following a protest over the original use of "California" in our name. We hope this does not create any confusion among our loyal consumers. While this represents a change from our initial name introduction, it does not change the quality of products we offer to our consumers.
33. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?
    A. The corporate offices were protested
    B. The loyal consumers created an official name for the company.
    C. There was a conflict between Green Miles West and Milestone
    D. The quality of products will be different from the former products.
    E. The name "Green Miles West" will be effective as of December 5, 2005.
34. “… it does not change the quality of the products we offer ..." (Paragraph 4).
    The underlined word means ...
    A. take
    B. lose erase
    C. alter
    D. erase
    E. throw
    Text is for questions 35 to 38.
    The Hen with the Silver Eggs
    One day, in an Arabian city, a woman went to the market and bought a beautiful hen. A few days later to her surprise the hen she bought laid a silver egg. If the hen could only be persuaded to lay more than one egg each day, the woman was sure she would never have to work again.
    So the woman decided to make the hen eat more, so that it could lay more eggs. But the only result was that the hen died of indigestion and did not lay more eggs at all.
35. Paragraph 3 mostly discusses about ...
    A. the hen's eggs
    B. what the woman did to her hen
    C. what the hen did for the woman
    D. what the hen eats to lay more eggs
    E. why the woman wanted to get more eggs
36. The hen died because it ...
    A. ate nothing
    B. ate too much
    C. laid more eggs
    D. was badly injured
    E. was forced to lay eggs
37. From the text we may conclude that the woman was ...
    A. active
    B. miserly
    C. greedy
    D. furious
    E. dangerous
38. "If the hen could only be persuaded.... " (Paragraph 2)
    The underlined word means ....
    A. commanded
    B. influenced
    C. dangerous
    D. brought
    E. told
    Questions number 39-41.
    I recently took a trip to New Hampshire and had what I would call my first genuine .... (39) hiking up a mountain. I've gone up hiking before but this was without a doubt the best experience of my life. My friend, Sean and Madeline ... (40) some pictures during the trip. We need 2 hours stright before we reached the summit. The strom clouds were heading right toward us and you could actually see the rain falling from the cloud. It was like a wall of water moving at an alarmingly ... (41) pace ready to engulf us.
39. A. experience
    B. influence
    C. experiment
    D. expedition
    E. Independence
40. A. Bought
    B. Brought
    C. Broke
    D. Took
    E. Put
41. A. broke
    B. strong
    C. long
    D. bright
    E. fast
42. 1. You can make instant noodles with the help of microwave
    2. Finally, add any items that you want and serve the noodles
    3. First, fill the bowl with 2 cups of water and the noodle
    4. Microwave it for about three to five minutes.
    5. Then, take noodles out of the microwave and pour the seasonings
    6. After the microwave beeps, wait for three minutes in the closed microwave
    7. Next, stir the noodles until the seasonings dissolve.
    The best arrangement of the sentences above is . .
    A. 1-7-5-6-2-4-3
    B. 1-3-4-6-5-7-2
    C. 1-2-7-3-6-5-4
    D. 1-4-7-5-2-6-3
    E. 1-4-6-5-2-3-7
    This text is for questions 43 to 45.
    COMPANY ACCOUNTANT
    Expanding wholesaler satisfactory and office equipment requires:
• A responsible accountant for director to run smoothly the company finance with good salary and good working condition for good applicant
  Apply with curriculum vitae to:
  Mrs. Barton

Office Equipment World and Efficiency Work
PO Box 36 Whistle Woods UK

43. In which section would you likely read the ad?
    A. Company for sale.
    B. Office equipment.
    C. Job vacancy.
    D. Entertainment Guide.
    E. Stationary and office.
44. What position is offered in the advertisement?
    A. Salesman.
    B. Wholesaler.
    C. Accountant.
    D. Office staff.
    E. Director assistant.
45. Apply with curriculum vitae to Mrs. Barton.
    What information should the applicant include in it?
    A. Experience in managing a company.
    B. A statement of salary wanted.
    C. A prove of knowing about stationary.
    D. A statement of responsibility.
    E. A statement of education and work experience.

Pembahasan:

1. C. Pembahasan: The plan obtains carbon and hydrogen dioxide from the atmosphere. Carbon dan hydrogen diambil dari atmosphere.
2. D. Pembahasan: Kata because of this (paragraf 3), maka sebabnya ada pada kalimat sebelumnya: Much of this potential supply, however, is bound tightly in forms that are not released to crops fast enough to give satisfactory growth. Kata Much lebih cocok dengan kata most.
3. E. Pembahasan: pada kalimat pertama paragraf ketiga sudah jelas.
4. B. Pembahasan: paragraf kedua, contains sodium, iodine, and cobalt (3), dilanjutkan kalimat berikutnya, silicon and alumunium (2). Jadi ada 5.
5. A. Pembahasan: obtain artinya mendapatkan (gets).
6. C. Pembahasan: Judul untuk jenis text Narrative itu 90% diambil dari tokoh ceritanya.
7. A. Pembahasan: actually (sebenarnya) rabbit ingin...
8. E. Pembahasan: yang paling tepat adalah honorable.
9. D. Pembahasan: kalimat pertama tidak ada dalam jawaban, maka kalimat berikutnya yaitu very useful servant.
10. C. Pembahasan: Di Paragraf pertama tidak ada kata wild (liar) atau sinonimnya.
11. B. Pembahasan: Tanpa melihat teks pun kita bisa menebak, bahwa belalai gajah digunakan untuk beberapa keperluan kecuali push (mendorong), karena ia mendorong biasanya dengan kepalanya atau badannya.
12. B. Pembahasan: peculiar artinya aneh (strange)
13. C. Pembahasan: poin A, B, D, menggambarkan bagaimana setting peristiwa yang pada intinya penulis mendapat masalah dengan pacarnya.
14. E. Pembahasan: pada akhir paragraf kesatu, pacar Rio menyatakan bahwa pada intinya ia tidak tidak bisa melanjutkan hubungannya dengan Rio.
15. D. Pembahasan: pihak keluarga perempuan ingin menjaga tradisi Karonese (lihat pada kalimat yang ditanda kurung di dalam teks di atas)
16. C. Pembahasan: Pada kalimat pertama, mereka membahas tentang peraturan sekolah yang mengharuskan memakai cap and tie. Topi dan dasi adalah bagian dari Uniform (seragam).
17. E. Pembahasan: Jika boy setuju dengan peraturan, maka He didn't mind wearing a cap and tie.
18. D. Pembahasan: Masih ada kaitannya dengan soal 17 (boy yang setuju dengan peraturan), maka ia yakin bahwa students would follow the new rule.
19. D. Pembahasan: Mira bilang bahwa setelah sekolah (class), berarti percakapan terjadi di sekolah.
20. C. Pembahasan: Topik percakapan adalah tentang bagaimana merencanakan waktu luang mereka. Melihat show Peterpan hanya alternative cara untuk mengisi waktu luang yang ditawarkan Eka yang kebetulan disetujui oleh Linda.
21. D. Pembahasan: tanpa membaca text pun, jawaban paling logis, ketika kita mengambil uang di ATM, saldo kita akan berkurang.
22. B. Penjelasan: Teks ini bergenre analytical exposition. Yang fungsinya adalah to persuade.
23. C. Pembahasan: Dari kalimat pertama dapat kita pahami bahwa jawabannya adalah Banks and other financial intituions offer ...dst..
24. D. Pembahasan: enable them to withdraw money (membuat mereka bisa menarik uang), makna terdekat adalah allows.
25. A. Pembahasan: Jika kamu punya saldo, maka (A)
26. C. Pembahasan: Past continous untuk menunjukkan pekerjaan yang sedang terjadi pada saat pekerjaan lainnya terjadi di tengah-tengahnya (menyela).
27. A. Pembahasan: kalimat yang didahului "Why dont" maka maksudnya adalah untuk memberi saran (advice)
28. A. Pembahasan: Kalimat tersebut ingin menunjukkan bahwa Mrs. Budiman bangga pada anaknya, bukan pada dirinya sendiri seperti jawaban B/D.
29. E. Pembahasan: Teks di atas menggambarkan sebuah institusi (genre: Descriptive), tidak usah ragu, langsung pilih E.
30. D. Pembahasan: The academic year is divided into three terms of approximately eight weeks each: Michaelmas (autumn), Lent (late winter), and Easter (spring), berarti summer libur.
31. C. Pembahasan: Kalimat pertama sudah dapat menggambarkan.
32. A. Lodging maksudnya adalah sebagaimana jawaban A. Di Indonesia semacam Pondok Pesantren dengan sekolah formal.
33. E. Pembahasan: Pada paragraf 1 jelas tercantum dalam kalimat: "Effective as of December 5, 2005, our official name will be: GREEN MILES WEST"
34. C. Pembahasan: Alter artinya merubah (change).
35. B. Pembahasaan: Paragraf 3 memaparkan tentang bagaimana wanita tersebut memperlakukan ayam betinanya (hen) hingga mati.
36. B. Pembahasan: diberi makan terlalu banyak oleh wanita tsb sehingga mati.
37. C. Pembahasan: Wanita tersebut tamak (greedy)
38. A. Pembahasan: Kata yang paling mendekati memaksa adalah memerintah (dgn paksa)
39. A. Pembahasan: pengalaman pertama penulis mendaki gunung.
40. D. Pembahasan: take a picture (berfoto-foto/mengambil foto)
41. A.
42. B. Pembahasan: Kata finally pada nomor dua adalah langkah terakhir.
43. C. Pembahasan: Pada bagian apa (misalnya di koran) kamu membaca ad/iklan tsb? tentu pada bagian lowongan pekerjaan (job vacancy)
44. C. Pembahasan: posisi yang dibutuhkan adalah akuntant, jawaban E sebenarnya sudah benar tapi ada kata assistant jadi tidak benar.
45. A. Pembahasan: Dalam membuat curriculum vitae unsur yang harus ada adalah list pengalaman bekerja di perusahaan lain. Sementara jawaban B sampai E adalah bagian yang harus ditulis dalam surat lamaran.